Advanced Emergency Medicine

Research progress on dexmedetomidine-assisted clinical treatment of intracranial aneurysms

This study comprehensively analyzes the application and clinical progress of dexmedetomidine in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Intracranial aneurysms have become an important challenge in the field of neurosurgery due to their risk of rupture and high mortality rate. In this context, the use of dexmedetomidine is particularly important, especially in perioperative management to maintain hemodynamic stability and provide effective sedation. A review of research shows that dexmedetomidine, due to its α2-adrenoceptor agonist properties, can effectively reduce intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations, reduce changes in intracranial pressure, and reduce the risk of aneurysm rupture. Furthermore, it shows potential advantages in reducing postoperative complications and accelerating recovery. However, its suitability in specific patient groups and safety of long-term use still require further study. In the Discussion section, we highlight the advantages of dexmedetomidine, such as stable sedation and subtle effects on the cardiovascular system, while pointing out the limitations and challenges of its use in specific patient populations. Future research should focus on determining the optimal clinical use of dexmedetomidine, including dosage, timing of administration, and suitability for specific patient populations. Taken together, dexmedetomidine has shown obvious advantages in perioperative management of intracranial aneurysm surgery, but its optimal application method and long-term safety still require more clinical research support. This study provides important reference information for future clinical practice and provides a scientific basis for further optimizing treatment strategies for patients with intracranial aneurysms.

Research Progress on the Correlation between Metabolic Syndrome and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Metabolic syndrome is a group of clinical manifestations of metabolic abnormalities, which is closely related to the occurrence of various diseases and has become an important field in modern medical research. With the change of lifestyle, the incidence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing year by year. Research shows that its components, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, may have a potential correlation with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common male urinary system disease, and its occurrence mechanism is complex, involving multiple endocrine and metabolic pathways. Existing research has gradually revealed the role of the components of metabolic syndrome in the development of prostate hyperplasia, especially in aspects such as inflammatory response, changes in hormone levels and cell proliferation. However, although there have been preliminary research results, the specific mechanism between metabolic syndrome and prostate hyperplasia still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review aims to systematically analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components and prostate hyperplasia, summarize the relevant mechanisms, and summarize the current research progress and future research directions, in order to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment.

Exploring the mechanism of action of Hypoglycaemic Shuxin Formula in the treatment of diabetes mellitus combined with chronic heart failure based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)compound hypoglycemic Shuxin formula in the treatment of diabetes mellitus(DM) combined with chronic heart failure(CHF) through network pharmacology methods and experimental verification. Methods: The network pharmacology database and related platforms were applied to retrieve the active ingredients of Jiang Tang Shu Xin Recipe(JTSX) and the targets related to diabetes mellitus combined with chronic heart failure.The PPI protein interaction network and compound drug-ingredient-target network were constructed. Molecular docking was performed to verify the affinity. DM and CHF rat models were established, HE staining was performed, and the levels ofC-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF -α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rat serum were detected using ELISA, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in myocardial tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot method was used to verify the therapeutic efficacy of the network’s core pharmacological targets. Results: A total of 171 active ingredients, 331 intersecting targets, and 196 signaling pathways were retrieved. The core components are: 1-dimethyl-2,3- dihydrophenanthren-4-one, kaempferol, miltionone Ⅰ,Ginsenoside-Rh4, 3,9-di-O-methylnissolin,5,6-dihydroxy-7-isopropyl-1. The core targets are tyrosine kinase (SRC), epidermal growth factor (EGFR), serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT1),insulin (INS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).The molecular docking results show that there is a good binding ability between the core components and the core targets. The results of animal experiments hanve shown that: hypoglycemic Shuxin Fang can improve the degree of myocardial fibrosis, reduce the level of TNF-α, IL-6 in myocardial tissue and the expression of key protein AKT1 in myocardial tissue. Conclusion: JTSX treats diabetes mellitus combined with chronic heart failure through multi-components and multi-targets, and exerts anti-fibrotic effect on myocardial tissues.

Topological quantum hydrogen catalysts based on density functional theory for applications and innovations in pharmaceutical engineering

With the continuous progress in catalyst design, quantum catalysts have become an important direction in catalytic research, especially in hydrogen generation and pharmaceutical engineering. Density Functional Theory (DFT), as an effective quantum mechanical computational tool, plays a crucial role in the design and optimization of catalysts. In this study, the application and innovation of topological quantum catalysts for hydrogen generation in pharmaceutical engineering are investigated in the context of DFT theory. Topological quantum catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity and stability than conventional catalysts due to their special electronic structures, especially topologically protected surface states, and are particularly suitable for hydrogen generation reactions. Through DFT calculations, this study systematically analyzes the catalytic mechanism of topological quantum catalysts and evaluates their performance in the hydrogen production process. The results show that the catalysts based on topological quantum materials have better reaction selectivity and efficiency than conventional materials, and exhibit high greening and sustainability in pharmaceutical engineering. The innovation of this paper is that a new catalyst design strategy is proposed, which provides an efficient and green catalytic solution for the pharmaceutical industry with a broad application prospect.

Efficacy of budesonide combined with cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia and its influence on serum inflammatory factors

To analyze the efficacy of budesonide combined with cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium in neonatal pneumonia, and observe its effect on serum inflammatory indicators. 96 patients with neonatal pneumonia admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into a control group and an observation group using random number table method, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with speridone and sulbactam, and the observation group was treated with budesonide on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, lung function indicators [peak volume ratio (VPEF/VE), peak expiratory flow (TPEF/TE)], and serum inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP- 9) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4)] levels were compared between the two groups. Compared the clinical efficacy of the two groups, the levels of VPEF/VE, TPEF/TE and PEF in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05); after treatment, the levels of VPEF/VE, TPEF/TE and PEF in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the levels of CRP, IL- 6, MMP-9 and LTB4 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Budesonide combined with cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia can improve clinical efficacy, improve lung function, and reduce serum inflammatory factor levels.

Comparative analysis of visual function between Tecnis Symfony intraocular lens and monofocal aspheric intraocular lens implantation

Objective To compare and analyze the visual function of cataract patients after Tecnis Symfony intraocular lens (IOL) and monofocal aspheric IOL implantation. Methods Fifty cataract patients admitted to our hospital from October 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into experimental group (Tecnis Symfony IOL implanted，25 cases) and control group (Tecnis ZCB00 IOL implanted,25 case) according to the type of lens implanted. Postoperative vision, adjustment range, simultaneous viewing and fusing functions, far and near stereovision, Visual function satisfaction questionnaire survey, de-lens rate, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity. Results There was no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity between the two groups at a distance of 5 m (P>0.05), but the visual acuity of the experimental group at a distance of 63 cm and 30 cm was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05).The accommodation amplitudes of right eye, left eye and both eyesin the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of patients with simultaneous visual function and fusion function (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in distance stereoscopic vision between the two groups (P>0.05), and the near stereovision of the experimental group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were no patients with distance vision difficulties in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the number of patients with uncomfortable symptoms such as night glare between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the experimental group, the number of patients with difficulty in medium and near vision was significantly higher in the control group (P<0.05).The lens removal rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P> 0.05).There were no significant differences in defocus curves and contrast sensitivity values between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Tecnis Symfony IOL can better improve most visual functions of cataract patients than Tecnis ZCB00 IOL, but some aspects of visual function improvement still need to be optimized.

Strategies for chronic disease patients to cope with the health challenges of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has undergone numerous mutations, resulting in widespread health challenges and significant economic burdens. Beyond acute illness, a substantial number of individuals experience lingering symptoms, collectively termed post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) or long COVID. These symptoms, including fatigue, dyspnoea, and cognitive impairments, persist or emerge after the acute phase, affecting 10% to 70% of recovering patients, especially those with pre-existing chronic illnesses. Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and respiratory disorders exacerbate the severity of PACS, complicating disease management and quality of life. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for qualitative reviews. A total of 25 articles were identified, with 10 meeting the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis, focusing on coping strategies used by chronic patients with PACS. Results: The review highlights the complexity of managing PACS symptoms alongside chronic illnesses. Coping strategies are essential for mitigating psychological strain, improving symptom management, and enhancing overall well-being. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to support this vulnerable population. Conclusion: Understanding the interplay between chronic illnesses and PACS is critical for developing effective coping mechanisms. Future research should prioritize integrative care approaches to reduce the dual burden of long COVID and chronic conditions.